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Table 3 Deterministic factors related to symptoms according to the presence of heart failure in atrial fibrillation

From: Characteristics of symptom burden in atrial fibrillation with concomitant heart failure

 

No HF

HF

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

p value

Age ≥ 65 years

Not selected

 

Not selected

 

Female

1.52 (1.33–1.73)

< 0.001

Not selected

 

BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2

Not selected

 

Not selected

 

CHADS-VASc ≥ 2

Not selected

 

Not selected

 

PAF versus PmAF

2.18 (1.42–3.35)

< 0.001

Not selected

 

PeAF versus PmAF

1.75 (1.13–2.72)

0.013

Not selected

 

Heart rate ≥ 100 bpm

1.54 (1.18–2.01)

0.001

1.92 (1.07–3.43)

0.028

Sinus rhythm at ECG

Not selected

 

0.64 (0.43–0.97)

0.033

QRS duration ≥ 120 ms

Not selected

 

Not selected

 

QTc interval ≥ 480 ms

Not selected

 

Not selected

 

HFmrEF versus HFpEF

Not applicable

 

Not selected

 

HFrEF versus HFpEF

Not applicable

 

Not selected

 

LA size ≥ 40 mm

Not selected

 

Not selected

 

E/e′ ratio ≥ 15

Not selected

 

1.47 (1.01–2.16)

0.047

  1. Covariates were age ≥ 65 years, sex, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, CHADS-VASc ≥ 2, AF pattern, heart rate ≥ 100 bpm, and parameters of echocardiography and electrocardiography
  2. BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, ECG electrocardiography, EF ejection fraction, HF heart failure, LA left atrium, OR odds ratio, QTc corrected QT, PAF paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, PeAF persistent atrial fibrillation, PmAF permanent atrial fibrillation