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Table 1 Baseline characteristics depending on the QTc interval

From: Clinical and genetic relationships between the QTc interval and risk of a stroke among atrial fibrillation patients undergoing catheter ablation

 

All

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

p value

(N = 1766)

(N = 450)

(N = 433)

(N = 441)

(N = 442)

QTc interval (ms)

431.8 ± 29.1

397.0 ± 13.3

421.8 ± 5.3

439.6 ± 5.4

469.4 ± 18.6

< 0.001

Age (years)

57.8 ± 11.3

54.9 ± 11.6

57.3 ± 10.5

58.7 ± 10.8

60.5 ± 11.5

< 0.001

Male (n, %)

1260 (71.3%)

386 (85.8%)

329 (76.0%)

295 (66.9%)

250 (56.6%)

< 0.001

PAF (n, %)

1378 (78.0%)

388 (86.2%)

349 (80.6%)

337 (76.4%)

304 (68.8%)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.8 ± 3.0

24.7 ± 3.1

24.8 ± 3.0

24.8 ± 2.8

25.0 ± 3.2

0.762

CHA2DS2-VASc score

1.6 ± 1.5

1.1 ± 1.3

1.4 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 1.5

2.2 ± 1.7

< 0.001

CHF (n, %)

93 (5.3%)

13 (2.9%)

9 (2.1%)

25 (5.7%)

46 (10.4%)

< 0.001

HTN (n, %)

791 (44.8%)

166 (36.9%)

182 (42.0%)

209 (47.4%)

234 (52.9%)

< 0.001

DM (n, %)

242 (13.7%)

50 (11.1%)

48 (11.1%)

71 (16.1%)

73 (16.5%)

0.017

Stroke (n, %)

171 (9.7%)

29 (6.4%)

37 (8.5%)

42 (9.5%)

63 (14.3%)

< 0.001

TIA (n, %)

29 (1.6%)

9 (2.0%)

6 (1.4%)

10 (2.3%)

4 (0.9%)

0.378

Vascular disease (n, %)

167 (9.5%)

38 (8.4%)

40 (9.2%)

36 (8.2%)

53 (12.0%)

0.192

Coronary artery disease (n, %)

186 (10.5%)

36 (8.0%)

40 (9.2%)

41 (9.3%)

69 (15.6%)

< 0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

81.8 ± 15.4

83.9 ± 13.2

83.1 ± 13.6

81.5 ± 14.5

78.5 ± 19.2

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

6.4 ± 0.9

6.4 ± 0.9

6.3 ± 0.9

6.5 ± 1.1

6.4 ± 0.8

0.429

ECG parameters

      

Ventricular rate (bpm)

61.3 ± 9.8

56.9 ± 8.6

60.6 ± 8.8

62.6 ± 9.4

65.2 ± 10.5

< 0.001

PR interval (ms)

181.9 ± 29.9

176.6 ± 26.0

181.8 ± 28.5

181.9 ± 31.5

187.4 ± 32.4

< 0.001

QRS duration (ms)

99.4 ± 15.2

97.0 ± 11.4

98.7 ± 12.3

98.2 ± 13.8

103.8 ± 20.5

< 0.001

Echocardiographic parameters

      

LA dimension (mm)

40.3 ± 5.9

39.1 ± 5.8

40.2 ± 5.9

40.5 ± 6.0

41.5 ± 5.6

< 0.001

LA volume index (ml/m2)

34.7 ± 12.2

31.6 ± 11.2

34.2 ± 11.2

35.3 ± 12.4

37.7 ± 13.2

< 0.001

LV EF (%)

64.2 ± 7.1

64.2 ± 6.4

65.3 ± 6.5

64.1 ± 7.9

63.4 ± 7.4

0.001

E/Em

9.9 ± 3.9

8.8 ± 3.4

9.7 ± 3.5

10.0 ± 3.8

11.3 ± 4.6

< 0.001

LVMI (g/m2)

91.6 ± 19.7

89.8 ± 17.6

91.2 ± 18.2

91.9 ± 20.8

93.6 ± 21.9

0.061

3D-CT

      

LA volume (ml)

141.2 ± 47.3

132.4 ± 42.3

138.6 ± 48.2

145.5 ± 49.5

148.6 ± 47.3

< 0.001

LA volume index (ml/m2)

78.3 ± 28.0

71.5 ± 24.6

76.1 ± 28.0

81.0 ± 29.0

84.6 ± 28.7

< 0.001

NavX LA voltage (mV)

1.3 ± 0.6

1.4 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.6

1.2 ± 0.6

< 0.001

Medications

      

ACEI/ARB (%)

545 (30.9%)

113 (25.1%)

113 (26.2%)

140 (31.8%)

179 (40.6%)

< 0.001

Beta-blocker (%)

587 (33.3%)

145 (32.2%)

141 (32.7%)

150 (34.1%)

151 (34.2%)

0.896

Statin (%)

465 (35.0%)

104 (23.1%)

113 (26.2%)

117 (26.6%)

131 (29.7%)

0.172

  1. ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; ECG, electrocardiogram; E/Em, ratio of early diastolic transmitral flow velocity and mitral annular velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; HTN, hypertension; LA, left atrial; LV EF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; TIA, transient ischemic attack