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Table 5 Cox proportional hazard model for rhythm outcome (recurrence at 1 year)

From: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in Korea: results from the Korean Heart Rhythm Society Ablation Registry for Atrial Fibrillation (KARA)

Variable

Unadjusted hazard ratio

Adjusted hazard ratio

HR

95% CI

P value

HR

95% CI

P value

Age

 < 60

1.000

Reference

–

1.000

Reference

–

 60–69

0.889

0.735–1.076

0.227

0.846

0.697–1.026

0.089

 > 70

0.939

0.731–1.206

0.621

0.854

0.661–1.105

0.230

Female (vs. male)

0.940

0.769–1.147

0.541

1.095

0.865–1.310

0.555

Valvular heart disease1

2.459

1.780–3.396

 < 0.001

1.602

1.139–2.253

0.007

LV EF (by 1%)

0.985

0.976–0.995

0.002

0.999

0.989–1.009

0.794

LAD (by 1 mm)

1.055

1.042–1.069

 < 0.001

1.039

1.024–1.053

 < 0.001

Ablation indication

 Paroxysmal AF

1.000

Reference

–

1.000

Reference

 

 Persistent AF

1.921

1.589–2.324

 < 0.001

1.426

1.152–1.764

0.001

 Redo ablation

1.321

0.972–1.794

0.075

1.220

0.890–1.600

0.216

PVI only (vs. additional NPV ablation)2

1.274

1.064–1.526

0.009

1.337

1.104–1.619

0.003

Mode of AF termination

 Initial SR3

1.000

Reference

–

1.000

Reference

 

 By PVI

1.106

0.817–1.496

0.515

0.973

0.716–1.324

0.863

 By NPV ablation

1.829

1.363–2.453

 < 0.001

1.581

1.157–2.160

0.004

 By DCC4

1.768

1.411–2.215

 < 0.001

1.243

0.966–1.600

0.090

 Not terminated

2.822

2.166–3.678

 < 0.001

1.940

1.459–2.579

 < 0.001

AF induction test5

 No induction

1.000

Reference

–

1.000

Reference

 

 AF/AT

0.920

0.727–1.165

0.489

0.954

0.751–1.213

0.702

 Not done

1.221

1.003–1.486

0.046

1.106

0.898–1.362

0.342

  1. 1Valvular heart disease is defined as stenosis or regurgitation of any valve which severity was moderate or severe
  2. 2NPV ablation is defined as any ablation other than pulmonary vein isolation
  3. 3It is defined as the rhythm state before the first energy delivery of the procedure
  4. 4It is categorized when cardioversion was performed after the first energy delivery of the procedure
  5. 5Induction of AF was usually performed by atrial burst pacing with isoproterenol infusion. Pacing protocol and isoproterenol dose were left to the operator's discretion
  6. AF, atrial fibrillation; AT, atrial tachycardia; CI, confidence interval; DCC, direct current cardioversion; EF, ejection fraction; HR, hazard ratio; LAD, left atrial diameter; LV, left ventricle; NPV, non-pulmonary vein; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; SR, sinus rhythm