Table 1 Summary of pathophysiological aspects of major adipokines in Atrial Fibrillation
From: Pathophysiological role of major adipokines in Atrial Fibrillation
Adipokines | Pathophysiological aspects in AF |
|---|---|
Adiponectin | Involvement in cardiac remodeling Atrial remodeling Autonomic dysfunction and inflammation |
Apelin | Influence atrial myocytes, Shortening the action potential, Increased mean arterial filling pressure and cardiac contractility, Increase in the conduction velocity, Decrease in the field potential duration, Changing blood pressure, Cardiac inotropy, oxidative stress, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy |
CTRP3 | Atrial fibrosis and structural remodeling The thickness of the atrial septum Myocardial remodeling |
Chemerin | Arterial stiffness Carotid artery plaque instability Atrial remodeling |
Omentin-1 | Atrial structural remodeling Atrial fibrosis Electrical atrial remodeling |
Interleukin-6 | Modification of the cardiac extracellular matrix and cardiac dysfunction, Affects cell-to-cell communication between cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, Development of myocardial damage The severity of left ventricular dysfunction, Left ventricular assist device conditions, Rapidly induces atrial electrical remodeling |
Leptin | Progress of atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation evoked by angiotensin II Increased fibrosis, Enhanced inflammation, Promoting cardiac remodeling due to impaired cardiac metabolism, Dysfunction of vascular Ventricular hypertrophy Increase in myocardial workload Cardiac hypertrophy |
TNF-α | Contributes to hypertension, Vascular dysfunction, Atherosclerosis progression, and cardiac remodeling Lower the cardiac myocytes contraction, The marker for hypertrophy, Ventricular remodeling, Cardiac allograft, Atrial fibrosis, Atrial structural remodeling, Atrial electrical remodeling, Abnormal Ca2+ handling and intracellular Ca2+ overload |
Resistin | Chronic left ventricular myocardial damage resulting in left ventricular dysfunction Fatty infiltration of the atrial wall |
Interleukin-10 | Progress of widespread and unbalanced atherosclerotic lesions A strong link between the risk of developing atrial fibrillation and IL-10-592A/C polymorphism |