Table 2 References for atrial cell ion currents depending on AADs
AADs | Referencew | Animal/human model | Method | Ion current change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Amiodarone (5 μM, 10 μM) | Varela et al. [50] | Canine atrial model | Microelectrode recording and patch-clamp | gK1, gKur, gNa, gKr, gCaL, gKs Ach |
Sotalol (60 μM, 10 mM) | Ducroq et al. [51] Lin et al. [52] | Rabbit/Human embryonic kidney cells Xenopus oocytes | Bipolar Ag electrode recoding and patch clamp Two-electrode voltage clamp | gNa, gKr, gKs |
Dronedarone (3 μM, 10 μM) | Chen et al. [53] Gautier et al. [54] Ji et al. [55] Wegener et al. [56] | Rat Guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocyte Dog ventricular myocytes Guinea pig myocytes | Whole-cell, perforated patch voltage-clamp | gCaL, gKs, gNa, gK1, gKr, gCaL |
Flecainide (5 μM, 15 μM) | Geng et al. [57] Yue et al. [58] Wang et al. [59] Hilliard et al. [60] | Human pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocyte Human right atrial appendage Human pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocyte Canine, murine ventricular model | Whole-cell patch voltage clamp, microscope, and confocal laser-scanning unit | gNa, gKur, gNa, gto, gCaL |
Propafenone (5 μM, 10 μM) | Wang et al. [61] Paul et al. [62] Seki et al. [63] Delgado et al. [64] | Human Embryonic kidney cells Human atrial myocytes Guinea pig ventricular myocytes | Whole-cell patch voltage clamp | gNa, gto, gCaL, gKur, gKr, |