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Fig. 1 | International Journal of Arrhythmia

Fig. 1

From: Updates in hybrid AF ablation: a hybrid approach to surgical epicardial ablation and cather endocardial ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation

Fig. 1

a Thoracoscopic view of totally thoracoscopic ablation of atrial fibrillation. PV antrum isolation is performed by applying bipolar radiofrequency energy (AtriCure, Inc.). b, c Totally thoracoscopic ablation of atrial fibrillation. This technique is performed via three holes (two 5-mm ports and one 10-mm port) bilaterally

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International Journal of Arrhythmia

ISSN: 2466-1171

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