ECG parameters | Lead | Training and validation set (Hospital A) | Test set (Hospital B) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAF (n = 334) | Non-PAF (n = 437) | p value | PAF (n = 103) | Non-PAF (n = 497) | p value | ||
Fibrillatory wave amplitude, uV | I | 24.6 (11.6) | 19.2 (9.2) |  < .001 | 22.7 (12.5) | 18.3 (11.1) |  < .001 |
Sample entropy | I | −.01 (1.00) | −.02 (.96) | .850 | .02 (1.00) | −.02 (1.02) | .775 |
Dominant frequency, Hz | I | 5.61 (1.62) | 6.05 (3.20) | .024 | 5.34 (1.32) | 5.83 (1.84) | .011 |
Organization index | I | .46 (.10) | .43 (.09) |  < .001 | .45 (.08) | .42 (.09) | .027 |
Spectral entropy | I | 5.28 (.60) | 5.45 (.60) |  < .001 | 5.35 (.50) | 5.49 (.54) | .020 |
RR interval, mm | I | 766.0 (190.7) | 866.4 (203.8) |  < .001 | 647.6 (184.8) | 750.9 (188.8) |  < .001 |
Spectral power ratio | I | 2.63 (.45) | 2.78 (.50) |  < .001 | 2.61 (.34) | 2.73 (.46) | .008 |
Fibrillatory wave amplitude, uV | II | 35.2 (15.8) | 26.4 (12.9) |  < .001 | 36.2 (21.9) | 25.2 (16.2) |  < .001 |
Sample entropy | II | .04 (1.07) | .04 (.95) | .912 | −.01 (.94) | .06 (1.00) | .546 |
Dominant frequency, Hz | II | 5.75 (1.19) | 5.95 (1.54) | .052 | 5.50 (1.42) | 5.94 (1.16) |  < .001 |
Organization index | II | .49 (.09) | .47 (.09) | .001 | .48 (.09) | .45 (.08) | .007 |
Spectral entropy | II | 4.91 (.62) | 4.98 (.58) | .098 | 5.04 (.63) | 5.20 (.56) | .010 |
RR interval, mm | II | 766.2 (190.7) | 866.0 (203.3) |  < .001 | 647.3 (185.1) | 750.6 (189.5) |  < .001 |
Spectral power ratio | II | 2.58 (.47) | 2.66 (.48) | .033 | 2.59 (.41) | 2.75 (.43) |  < .001 |
Fibrillatory wave amplitude, uV | III | 40.3 (19.6) | 30.1 (16.3) |  < .001 | 40.4 (29.6) | 30.4 (26.1) |  < .001 |
Sample entropy | III | .03 (.98) | −.01 (1.03) | .600 | − .08 (.97) | .06 (1.01) | .199 |
Dominant frequency, Hz | III | 5.98 (1.84) | 6.37 (2.08) | .006 | 5.82 (1.76) | 6.17 (1.34) | .021 |
Organization index | III | .45 (.10) | .44 (.09) | .119 | .45 (.09) | .42 (.08) | .005 |
Spectral entropy | III | 5.17 (.68) | 5.21 (.62) | .476 | 5.23 (.59) | 5.35 (.59) | .046 |
RR interval, mm | III | 766.1 (190.4) | 866.2 (203.2) |  < .001 | 644.5 (185.4) | 750.9 (192.5) |  < .001 |
Spectral power ratio | III | 3.17 (.64) | 3.30 (.62) | .006 | 3.04 (.50) | 3.21 (.51) | .002 |