Skip to main content

Table 2 ECG parameters for patients with PAF or non-PAF in a training/validation cohort or a test cohort

From: Machine learning based potentiating impacts of 12-lead ECG for classifying paroxysmal versus non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

ECG parameters

Lead

Training and validation set

(Hospital A)

Test set

(Hospital B)

PAF

(n = 334)

Non-PAF

(n = 437)

p value

PAF

(n = 103)

Non-PAF

(n = 497)

p value

Fibrillatory wave amplitude, uV

I

24.6 (11.6)

19.2 (9.2)

 < .001

22.7 (12.5)

18.3 (11.1)

 < .001

Sample entropy

I

−.01 (1.00)

−.02 (.96)

.850

.02 (1.00)

−.02 (1.02)

.775

Dominant frequency, Hz

I

5.61 (1.62)

6.05 (3.20)

.024

5.34 (1.32)

5.83 (1.84)

.011

Organization index

I

.46 (.10)

.43 (.09)

 < .001

.45 (.08)

.42 (.09)

.027

Spectral entropy

I

5.28 (.60)

5.45 (.60)

 < .001

5.35 (.50)

5.49 (.54)

.020

RR interval, mm

I

766.0 (190.7)

866.4 (203.8)

 < .001

647.6 (184.8)

750.9 (188.8)

 < .001

Spectral power ratio

I

2.63 (.45)

2.78 (.50)

 < .001

2.61 (.34)

2.73 (.46)

.008

Fibrillatory wave amplitude, uV

II

35.2 (15.8)

26.4 (12.9)

 < .001

36.2 (21.9)

25.2 (16.2)

 < .001

Sample entropy

II

.04 (1.07)

.04 (.95)

.912

−.01 (.94)

.06 (1.00)

.546

Dominant frequency, Hz

II

5.75 (1.19)

5.95 (1.54)

.052

5.50 (1.42)

5.94 (1.16)

 < .001

Organization index

II

.49 (.09)

.47 (.09)

.001

.48 (.09)

.45 (.08)

.007

Spectral entropy

II

4.91 (.62)

4.98 (.58)

.098

5.04 (.63)

5.20 (.56)

.010

RR interval, mm

II

766.2 (190.7)

866.0 (203.3)

 < .001

647.3 (185.1)

750.6 (189.5)

 < .001

Spectral power ratio

II

2.58 (.47)

2.66 (.48)

.033

2.59 (.41)

2.75 (.43)

 < .001

Fibrillatory wave amplitude, uV

III

40.3 (19.6)

30.1 (16.3)

 < .001

40.4 (29.6)

30.4 (26.1)

 < .001

Sample entropy

III

.03 (.98)

−.01 (1.03)

.600

− .08 (.97)

.06 (1.01)

.199

Dominant frequency, Hz

III

5.98 (1.84)

6.37 (2.08)

.006

5.82 (1.76)

6.17 (1.34)

.021

Organization index

III

.45 (.10)

.44 (.09)

.119

.45 (.09)

.42 (.08)

.005

Spectral entropy

III

5.17 (.68)

5.21 (.62)

.476

5.23 (.59)

5.35 (.59)

.046

RR interval, mm

III

766.1 (190.4)

866.2 (203.2)

 < .001

644.5 (185.4)

750.9 (192.5)

 < .001

Spectral power ratio

III

3.17 (.64)

3.30 (.62)

.006

3.04 (.50)

3.21 (.51)

.002

  1. A mean, a standard deviation, and p value were demonstrated. For clarity, only Lead I, II, and III are presented out of 12-leads. p value is tested by t-test
  2. Non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, non-PAF; paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, PAF