Table 3 Subgroup analysis for the association between resting heart rate and composite outcome in patients with non-PAF
Unweighted HR (95% CI) | IPTW-weighted HR (95% CI) | p value | p for interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
AF type | 0.720 | |||
Permanent | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.30 (0.08–1.21) | 0.36 (0.09–1.49) | 0.159 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.33 (0.09–1.25) | 0.43 (0.12–1.61) | 0.211 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.81 (0.15–4.45) | 0.84 (0.14–4.95) | 0.846 | |
Persistent | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.49 (0.30–0.80) | 0.54 (0.32–0.90) | 0.018 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.54 (0.33–0.87) | 0.60 (0.37–0.98) | 0.042 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.91 (0.50–1.63) | 1.03 (0.57–1.88) | 0.922 | |
Sex | 0.344 | |||
Male | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.62 (0.31–1.21) | 0.63 (0.32–1.24) | 0.180 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.65 (0.34–1.26) | 0.66 (0.34–1.28) | 0.222 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 1.23 (0.57–2.62) | 1.21 (0.56–2.64) | 0.626 | |
Female | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.36 (0.18–0.70) | 0.43 (0.21–0.86) | 0.017 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.41 (0.22–0.76) | 0.51 (0.27–0.98) | 0.042 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.67 (0.29–1.56) | 0.86 (0.37–2.00) | 0.719 | |
Age | 0.904 | |||
Age > 75 | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.48 (0.26–0.90) | 0.59 (0.31–1.13) | 0.109 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.40 (0.21–0.78) | 0.48 (0.24–0.94) | 0.034 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.76 (0.32–1.79) | 0.99 (0.42–2.36) | 0.981 | |
Age ≤ 75 | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.41 (0.20–0.82) | 0.44 (0.21–0.92) | 0.029 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.67 (0.36–1.24) | 0.71 (0.38–1.34) | 0.291 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 1.13 (0.54–2.38) | 1.14 (0.53–2.45) | 0.744 | |
HTN | 0.650 | |||
Yes | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.45 (0.27–0.77) | 0.53 (0.31–0.92) | 0.024 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.50 (0.30–0.83) | 0.59 (0.35–0.99) | 0.048 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.89 (0.47–1.67) | 1.11 (0.58–2.11) | 0.760 | |
No | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.50 (0.18–1.35) | 0.49 (0.18–1.35) | 0.171 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.57 (0.22–1.47) | 0.58 (0.22–1.51) | 0.266 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.96 (0.31–2.97) | 0.76 (0.23–2.46) | 0.646 | |
DM | 0.373 | |||
Yes | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.50 (0.27–0.90) | 0.54 (0.29–1.00) | 0.051 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.55 (0.31–0.97) | 0.63 (0.35–1.14) | 0.123 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 1.13 (0.58–2.21) | 1.23 (0.62–2.44) | 0.561 | |
No | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.43 (0.20–0.91) | 0.50 (0.23–1.10) | 0.084 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.48 (0.23–0.99) | 0.53 (0.25–1.10) | 0.086 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.47 (0.15–1.47) | 0.66 (0.21–2.06) | 0.471 | |
Obesity | 0.583 | |||
Yes | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.61 (0.14–2.54) | 0.56 (0.13–2.36) | 0.434 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.32 (0.06–1.60) | 0.33 (0.07–1.63) | 0.172 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.42 (0.04–4.08) | 0.42 (0.04–4.11) | 0.456 | |
No | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.45 (0.28–0.74) | 0.52 (0.31–0.87) | 0.011 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.53 (0.33–0.84) | 0.61 (0.38–0.98) | 0.043 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.94 (0.53–1.66) | 1.08 (0.60–1.94) | 0.804 | |
AAD use | 0.039 | |||
Yes | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 1.02 (0.21–4.90) | 1.28 (0.26–6.30) | 0.759 | |
60–79 bpm | 1.62 (0.38–6.93) | 1.83 (0.43–7.87) | 0.418 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 3.21 (0.70–14.6) | 3.29 (0.71–15.3) | 0.130 | |
No | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.42 (0.25–0.68) | 0.45 (0.27–0.74) | 0.002 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.43 (0.26–0.70) | 0.47 (0.29–0.78) | 0.003 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.69 (0.35–1.34) | 0.81 (0.42–1.57) | 0.535 | |
AVN blocker use | 0.767 | |||
Yes | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.46 (0.26–0.81) | 0.47 (0.26–0.85) | 0.012 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.48 (0.27–0.83) | 0.53 (0.30–0.94) | 0.030 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.88 (0.44–1.79) | 1.08 (0.53–2.22) | 0.827 | |
No | ||||
≥ 100 bpm | Reference | Reference | ||
80–99 bpm | 0.49 (0.22–1.11) | 0.62 (0.27–1.44) | 0.266 | |
60–79 bpm | 0.61 (0.28–1.29) | 0.70 (0.32–1.52) | 0.362 | |
≤ 59 bpm | 0.99 (0.40–2.44) | 0.99 (0.39–2.52) | 0.987 | |